Eleanor Rosalynn Carter, was an American writer and activist who served as the first lady of the United
States from 1977 to 1981, as the wife of President Jimmy Carter. She was best known for being a leading
advocate for women's rights and mental health. Carter married Jimmy Carter in 1946, after graduating
from college and their partnership would come to define much of her public life. She became First Lady
from 1977 to 1981 during President Jimmy Carter’s administration. Carter is credited... moreEleanor Rosalynn Carter, was an American writer and activist who served as the first lady of the United
States from 1977 to 1981, as the wife of President Jimmy Carter. She was best known for being a leading
advocate for women's rights and mental health. Carter married Jimmy Carter in 1946, after graduating
from college and their partnership would come to define much of her public life. She became First Lady
from 1977 to 1981 during President Jimmy Carter’s administration. Carter is credited for propelling
Jimmy Carter from rural Georgia to the White House and became the most politically active first lady
since Eleanor Roosevelt. Carter used her platform to advocate for mental health awareness and
women’s rights. She was a trailblazer in her own right, redefining the role of the First Lady by actively
participating in her husband’s policymaking and decision-making processes. She worked tirelessly to
reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness and played a pivotal role in the passage of the Mental
Health Systems Act in 1980. Carter was also an advocate for women’s rights, pushing for gender equality
and empowerment. Additionally, she was involved in various humanitarian efforts, including her work
with the Carter Center, which focused on global health and conflict resolution. She won numerous
awards throughout her career including the American Peace Award along with Jimmy Carter in 2009, she
was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari, was a prominent Finnish politician and a respected international diplomat
best know for serving as the tenth president of Finland and winning the Nobel Peace Prize. Ahtisaari
began his career as a schoolteacher before joining the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1965. He
quickly rose through the ranks and became Finland's ambassador to Tanzania in 1973. In the late 1970s, Ahtisaari played a crucial role in mediating the Namibian War of Independence, which ... moreMartti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari, was a prominent Finnish politician and a respected international diplomat
best know for serving as the tenth president of Finland and winning the Nobel Peace Prize. Ahtisaari
began his career as a schoolteacher before joining the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1965. He
quickly rose through the ranks and became Finland's ambassador to Tanzania in 1973. In the late 1970s, Ahtisaari played a crucial role in mediating the Namibian War of Independence, which ultimately led to Namibia's independence from South Africa in 1990. This success propelled him into further diplomatic endeavors and earned him international recognition as a skilled negotiator. In 1992, Ahtisaari was appointed as the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Administration and Management and in 1994 he was elected as the president of Finland. During his presidency, Ahtisaari pursued a progressive
and inclusive agenda focusing on social justice, education, and environmental issues, aiming to create a
more equitable society for all Finnish citizens. His tireless efforts in diplomacy and conflict resolution
earned him several prestigious awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008 for efforts in resolving
the conflict in Kosovo bringing an end to the devastating war in the Balkan. Throughout his life, Ahtisaari
remained committed to humanitarian causes. He founded the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), a non-
governmental organization dedicated to mediating conflicts and promoting sustainable peace.
László Sólyom was a prominent Hungarian political figure, lawyer, and librarian best known for serving as the President of Hungary who left a lasting impact on the country's political landscape. Sólyom began his career as a lawyer, specializing in constitutional law. He also served as a librarian at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1989, Sólyom became involved in the political transition in Hungary, serving as an advisor to the round table talks that led to the country's first free election... moreLászló Sólyom was a prominent Hungarian political figure, lawyer, and librarian best known for serving as the President of Hungary who left a lasting impact on the country's political landscape. Sólyom began his career as a lawyer, specializing in constitutional law. He also served as a librarian at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1989, Sólyom became involved in the political transition in Hungary, serving as an advisor to the round table talks that led to the country's first free elections in 1990. He was a founding member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a political party that emerged from the round table talks, and served as the party's chairman from 1990 to 1994. That same year, Sólyom was elected as a member of the Hungarian Parliament. In 2005, Sólyom was elected as the President of Hungary, a position he held until 2010. During his tenure as president, Sólyom was known for his efforts to promote democracy and human rights in Hungary and around the world. He also played a key role in the country's accession to the European Union in 2004. After completing his term as president, Sólyom returned to his legal career, serving as a senior counsel at the Hungarian law firm, Csongrád & Co. Sólyom received numerous awards and honors throughout his career , including the Order of the White Double Cross, which is one of Hungary's highest honors.
Giorgio Napolitano was a prominent Italian politician best known for Serving as the President of Italy from 2006 to 2015. He was the longest-serving and longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic. Napolitano's political career began in the aftermath of World War II, where he actively participated in the anti-fascist resistance movement. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and quickly rose through the ranks, becoming one of the party's leading figures. Napolit... moreGiorgio Napolitano was a prominent Italian politician best known for Serving as the President of Italy from 2006 to 2015. He was the longest-serving and longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic. Napolitano's political career began in the aftermath of World War II, where he actively participated in the anti-fascist resistance movement. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and quickly rose through the ranks, becoming one of the party's leading figures. Napolitano consistently advocated for social justice and workers' rights, earning him respect and support from various factions within the political spectrum. In 2006, Napolitano made history by becoming the first former member of the PCI to be elected as President of Italy. During his nine-year tenure, he demonstrated his commitment to upholding the democratic values and institutions of Italy. Napolitano's presidency was marked by his efforts to promote political stability, foster dialogue among different political parties, and address economic challenges facing the country. He played a crucial role in navigating Italy through political crises and providing a steady hand during turbulent times. His ability to bring diverse political factions together and find common ground earned him widespread respect and admiration. After leaving the presidency, Napolitano continued to be an influential figure in Italian politics. He remained a respected voice, offering guidance and insights on key issues and the future direction of the country.
Nizam Mir Barkat Ali Khan Siddiqi Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII, also known as Mukarram Jah, was the titular Nizam of Hyderabad between 1967 and 1971, a descended from famed Islamic royalty in India and Turkey, who later fled to Australia and became a sheep farmer. Jah was the eldest son of Azam Jah and Dürrüşehvar Sultan and was named successor to the title of Nizam of Hyderabad by Mir Osman Ali Khan his grandfather. He became the titular Nizam after his grandfather's death in 1967. Following 26t... moreNizam Mir Barkat Ali Khan Siddiqi Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII, also known as Mukarram Jah, was the titular Nizam of Hyderabad between 1967 and 1971, a descended from famed Islamic royalty in India and Turkey, who later fled to Australia and became a sheep farmer. Jah was the eldest son of Azam Jah and Dürrüşehvar Sultan and was named successor to the title of Nizam of Hyderabad by Mir Osman Ali Khan his grandfather. He became the titular Nizam after his grandfather's death in 1967. Following 26th Amendment to the Indian constitution in 1971, the Indian government cut off the Nizam’s allowance and abolished the royal court’s title. In 1972, he traveled to Australia to visit a friend from Harrow and Cambridge, George Hobday. He loved the environment and settled there becoming a sheep farmer. In 1996 he sold the farm and moved to Turkey where stayed until his death. He was married five times and had a total of 6 children.
Álvaro Colom Caballeros was an engineer and businessman who served as the 47th Guatemalan President for one term from 2008 to 2012. . His term was marked by putting the country’s forgotten Indigenous communities at the center of his government, by expanding access to education and health care in Indigenous villages. He also provided aid to the poor in a country scarred by deep inequalities and decades of civil war. Caballeros was born in Guatemala City, the fourth of five children and earned a d... moreÁlvaro Colom Caballeros was an engineer and businessman who served as the 47th Guatemalan President for one term from 2008 to 2012. . His term was marked by putting the country’s forgotten Indigenous communities at the center of his government, by expanding access to education and health care in Indigenous villages. He also provided aid to the poor in a country scarred by deep inequalities and decades of civil war. Caballeros was born in Guatemala City, the fourth of five children and earned a degree in industrial engineering at the University of San Carlos of Guatemala. After graduating he taught in the Faculty of Engineering between 1975 and 1977 before becoming a businessman in the garment industry, manufacturing clothing for export. Before he became president, Caballeros headed a government fund that was set up to invest in villages that had been abandoned by the government during the 36-year civil war between military regimes and leftist guerrillas. Caballeros founded the party National Unity for Hope and ran for president three times before winning in 2008. His time in office was marred by corruption allegation, assassination allegation none of which were ever proven to be true in a court of law.
Pervez Musharraf was a Pakistani general known for seizing power in 1999 and ruling the Muslim-majority nation for nine years as president and was however ousted for his policies he put in place that supported the United States' war on terrorism in 2008. After finishing his college education at Forman Christian College where he studied mathematic, Musharraf joined the Pakistani military and was commissioned into the artillery regiment of the Pakistan Army in 1964. During his service in the army... morePervez Musharraf was a Pakistani general known for seizing power in 1999 and ruling the Muslim-majority nation for nine years as president and was however ousted for his policies he put in place that supported the United States' war on terrorism in 2008. After finishing his college education at Forman Christian College where he studied mathematic, Musharraf joined the Pakistani military and was commissioned into the artillery regiment of the Pakistan Army in 1964. During his service in the army he fought in wars like 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Over the years he rose through the ranks in the army so much so that by 1998 he was promoted to four-star general by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, making Musharraf the head of the country's armed forces. After his coup he remained as the head of the military retiring from the position in 2007. During his reign he survived two assassinations attempts and was accused of human rights abuses and oppression. He stepped down in 2008 and went on a self imposed exile returning to Pakistan in 2013. Musharraf published his autobiography In the Line of Fire: A Memoir in 2006.
Constantine II was the last King of Greece, reigning from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973 before being exiled. Constantine was born in Anthens, Greece, he was the only son of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. During the second world war his family was forced into exile hence he spent his early years in Egypt and South Africa. Before he ascended to the throne he was a competitive sailor and Olympian, winning a gold medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics in th... moreConstantine II was the last King of Greece, reigning from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973 before being exiled. Constantine was born in Anthens, Greece, he was the only son of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. During the second world war his family was forced into exile hence he spent his early years in Egypt and South Africa. Before he ascended to the throne he was a competitive sailor and Olympian, winning a gold medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics in the Dragon class.
Following the death of his father King Paul in 1964, he became the new King of Greece at age 23. His reign was plagued with political instability that led to the Colonels' Coup of 21 April 1967. The coup did not remove him as head of state however he was left with little room to maneuver. He then inaugurated the junta which suffered an unsuccessful countercoup which forced him to flee the country in December of 1967. He lived most of his life in exile only to return in 2008. He will be remembered as a King without a crown, a monarch without a kingdom.
Jose Eduardo Dos Santos was a renowned Angolan President who served from 1979 to 2017. He was also commander in chief of the Angolan armed forces and holds a record of being the longest serving President of Angola . He is a great contributor towards the liberation of black people from apartheid rule and supported liberation movements in Southern Africa.
Santos came from humble beginnings, born to a bricklayer in an impoverished town of Luanda Angola on 28 August 1942.His journey to greatness... moreJose Eduardo Dos Santos was a renowned Angolan President who served from 1979 to 2017. He was also commander in chief of the Angolan armed forces and holds a record of being the longest serving President of Angola . He is a great contributor towards the liberation of black people from apartheid rule and supported liberation movements in Southern Africa.
Santos came from humble beginnings, born to a bricklayer in an impoverished town of Luanda Angola on 28 August 1942.His journey to greatness began in school when he joined the anti-colonial movement while getting his degree in petroleum engineering and radar communications in the Soviet Union which is present day Russia. When Angola attained its independence he was put as the first foreign minister of present day Angola until he replaced Agostinho Neto as President after his death.
Santos was known to be a realist and when he came into power he tried to smooth this over with the west who did not recognize the MPLA-led government. He was popular during the first years of his reign with the ordering of the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. As time passed on he and his political party became unpopular after having stayed too long in power The more he stayed in power the more he was accused of being authoritarian and corrupt.
Carlos Saul Menem was a renowned lawyer and driven politician who served as Argentina’s 44th president from 1989-1999 and as Senator of his beloved La Rioja Province from 2005 until his recent death. Menem was born to two Syrian refugees who immigrated to Argentina before his birth. Raised Muslim, Carlos later converted to Roman Catholicism. As a liberal Peronist, his political strategies came to be known as “Menemism”. The leader was captured and deposed during the 1976 Argentine coup d&apo... moreCarlos Saul Menem was a renowned lawyer and driven politician who served as Argentina’s 44th president from 1989-1999 and as Senator of his beloved La Rioja Province from 2005 until his recent death. Menem was born to two Syrian refugees who immigrated to Argentina before his birth. Raised Muslim, Carlos later converted to Roman Catholicism. As a liberal Peronist, his political strategies came to be known as “Menemism”. The leader was captured and deposed during the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, but was later elected to the position of Governor of La Rioja in 1983. Complications from a urinary tract infection claimed Mr. Menem’s life after two months in a drug-induced coma, which doctors had placed him under due to kidney failure.
Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa was Prime Minister of Bahrain since its independence from Britain in 1971. Khalifa played a central role in building the govt administration, modernizing its structures, and personally recruiting its leading personnel. He was a businessman with land and other interests in Bahrain, Southeast Asia, and the U.K., and was the wealthiest individual within the kingdom.
Khalifa bin Salman was born in Al Jasra and was the second of three sons of Shaykh Salman bin H... morePrince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa was Prime Minister of Bahrain since its independence from Britain in 1971. Khalifa played a central role in building the govt administration, modernizing its structures, and personally recruiting its leading personnel. He was a businessman with land and other interests in Bahrain, Southeast Asia, and the U.K., and was the wealthiest individual within the kingdom.
Khalifa bin Salman was born in Al Jasra and was the second of three sons of Shaykh Salman bin Hamad, ruler of Bahrain from 1942 to 1961. He received no formal education but was tutored in reading and writing also as other traditional skills. Prince Khalifa was appointed to serve in various government capacities from 1956 and was appointed as prime minister by his brother Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, in 1971. He was assigned the control of state and economy, while his brother, the Emir, was involved in diplomatic and ceremonial affairs. Prince Khalifa received a World Peace Culture Award on 6 August 2017. Among local and foreign business communities, Khalifa was appreciated as an astute businessman who attracted some major banks and investment houses to take a position in Bahrain development projects. He was also seen as a pillar of stability whose policies have made Bahraini economy "the fastest growing economy within the Arab world [with] the freest economy within the Middle East.
Shaikh Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa experienced various health problems. In September 2019 he visited Germany for treatment and returned to Bahrain in March 2020. He headed the cupboard last time in July 2020 and visited the US for treatment in August 2020. Shaikh Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa died at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota on 11 November 2020 at the age of 84, 9 days before his 85th Birthday. Serving 50 years and 11 months in office he was the world's longest-serving prime minister in history at the time of his death.
Colonel Amadou Toumani Toure supervised Mali’s multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government in 1991 and was the second democratically elected President of Mali 2002-2012. Amadou Toumani Touré was the head of President Moussa Traore security guard until a popular revolution overthrew the regime in March 1991. He arrested the president, led the revolution and oversaw the military to civilian transition that brought about a new constitution and multiparty elections. He then hande... moreColonel Amadou Toumani Toure supervised Mali’s multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government in 1991 and was the second democratically elected President of Mali 2002-2012. Amadou Toumani Touré was the head of President Moussa Traore security guard until a popular revolution overthrew the regime in March 1991. He arrested the president, led the revolution and oversaw the military to civilian transition that brought about a new constitution and multiparty elections. He then handed over power to Mali’s first democratically elected president Alpha Oumar Konare, on 6th June 1992, who later promoted Toure to the rank of a General. After retirement from the army, Toure joined politics as a civilian and won the presidential election in 2002 with broad support from the masses. Without stress, he was re-elected in 2007 for a second term, and a failed coup d’état was carried out that forced him to go into hiding on the 22nd March 2012. Because of this, Toure resigned as president on 8th April, 2012 and went into exile eleven days later. Amadou Toumani Toure died on the 9th November 2020 in Istanbul, Turkey, a week after his 72 birthday.
